The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.